What Is Autism?

Introduction

This semester I interned in a research lab at Vanderbilt University. The lab studies language growth in young children with disabilities and explore effective intervention strategies that can be used by both parents and teachers. During the informational interview I conducted with several staff members, I learned a lot about the assessment and diagnosis of young children with autism. Tatiana, one of the staff members in the lab, told me that some of the common characteristics of research participants, such as repetitive behaviors, and delays in verbal and social communications. She also pointed out that autism affects across all populations as she leads a grant that focuses on the effectiveness of intervention strategies for Hispanic children. Suzanne also pointed out that the current assessment and diagnostic tools, such as ADOS, have been proven quite useful. However, it is also difficult to officially diagnose children with ASD when they are very young. Some other staff members also mentioned the importance of continuing research on valid diagnostic tools and processes. This blog will further explore the diagnostic process and tools for young children with ASD. 


Autism in Young Children

About 1 in 59 children has been identified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), according to the statistics provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2018). It occurs to all racial, ethnic, socioeconomic groups. The data also suggests that boys are more vulnerable than girls to autism.

Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), to be specific, is a neuro-developmental disability that affects an individual's communication and social interaction abilities. For instance, children who suffer from autism will find it difficult to develop normal social relationships with their peers or engage in joint attention during play activities (CDC, 2018). Meanwhile, autism impacts each child differently so some children might only have mild developmental impairments. Thus, early detection of autism signs on young children is very important as effective interventions could help improve children's social and communication skills (CDC, 2018). 



Signs of Autism

One thing to notice is that autism affects differently from one child to another. Here are some key or common signs that a child with autism might manifest. Parents should look for these signs during the early developmental period if you are concerned (Autism Speaks, 2018).

1) Difficulty in learning languages 

-Children with autism spectrum disorder might manifest impairments in communication. For instance, young children, who lack functional communication abilities, might not respond to names or be able to understand simple directions. Also, some of them tend to repeat words again and again.

2) Difficulty in developing social relationships

-Children usually have problems picking up other people's facial expressions or nonverbal cues. They might tend to avoid eye contacts or be very sensitive to loud noises. 

3) Engage in repetitive movements

-Children on the autism spectrum disorder might repeat certain body movements over and over, such as flapping hands, rocking body back and forth and spinning. 

4) Restricted focus or interests  

-Children are likely to be preoccupied with certain objects and tend to stick to a rigid routine, such as lining up the car toys. This restrictions or inflexibility also make it difficult for them to adapt to new changes if the environment changes. 




Reference:
1) Global Autism Project. (2018). What is Autism? Retrieved from https://www.globalautismproject.org/about-autism/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI6Zz_s-X13QIVE1cMCh1lmQu2EAAYAyAAEgJlCfD_BwE
2) Autism Speaks. (2018). What Are the Symptoms of Autism? Retrieved from https://www.autismspeaks.org/what-are-symptoms-autism
3) Centers For Disease and Control and Prevention. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html
4) Vanderbilt University KidTalk Lab. (2018). Informational Interview.

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